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EXPERIMENT SHOWS that plane compressed plates can resist, in certain cases, loads greater in value than the critical load of buckling. Hence the plates can be used after the phenomenon of buckling, a fact which is of considerable importance especially when reduction in weight of the supporting structures is required.

The expansion of new technologies has induced the digital revolution and paved the way for an innovation-based economy. Digitalization, while blurring real and virtual environments, acts as an incentive for innovation and has been regarded as a tool to tackle the crisis. Its particular acceleration was caused by the lockdown regulations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Social entrepreneurship searches for innovative methods, tools and models to solve pressing social problems. The concept suggests applying business models for implementing social missions. Revenue generated from commercial activities is spent to solve social challenges caused by market imperfection, government inefficiency, disasters, pandemics, wars and economic crises. Advancing technologies, on the one hand, present opportunities for social enterprises and, on the other hand, involve risks to employment, data protection, transformed business model and strategies and changes in society's lifestyle and impose costly digital technologies to be adopted. Social entrepreneurs can create social value by using digital technologies that allow them to reach remote customers, investors or beneficiaries overcoming geographical boundaries or time differences. Yet digitalization can pose a threat to existing jobs as they become redundant; it transforms them or gives rise to new jobs while demanding technological skills and digital literacy. Moreover, enhanced digitalization and effective governmental actions set the stage for the decline of social business. The chapter explores the influence of digitalization on social entrepreneurship and discusses the potential of digital transformation for social enterprises. It examines the risks and opportunities that bring accelerated digitalization to social entrepreneurship.

The Hispanic American Scholastics look at the price doctrine from a triple point of view: as an economic philosophy, as an instrument for regulating the market, and as an analytic basis[l].

In this paper, the authors tested if promoting the workforce's happiness (through high performance work policies or HPWP) and well-being in European Public companies relates to their profitability (return on equity, ROE), market risk (beta) and stock price return. Also, the authors tested if investors have a performance benefit if they buy a portfolio screened with companies with HPWP.

The authors proxied the quality of the HPWP efforts in the first method with the Refinitiv workforce score. They used this data in an unbalanced panel of eastern, western, northern and southern Europe companies from 2011 to 2022. The panel data also included the ROE, the market risk (beta) and the stock price return of these companies. The authors estimated the corresponding regressions with the panel data and tested the relationship between the workforce score and these three variables. In a second method, they simulated the weekly performance of a portfolio that invested only in European companies with high standards in their HPWP and compared its performance against a conventional market portfolio (with no HPWP screening).

In the first method, the authors found no significant relationship between the workforce score and the ROE, beta, or stock price return in the panel regression, controlling for random effects. In the second one, they found no over or underperformance in the HPWP portfolio against the European market one in the second method.

The results suggest that there is no risk or cost for European Public companies and investors alike if they promote, with better HPWP, the happiness and well-being of their workforce. The findings suggest that if European companies promote HPWP, there will be no adverse impact on their profits, market risk, or stock price performance. Also, investors will not lose performance (against a conventional market portfolio) if they screen their portfolios with this type of workforce-friendly companies.

Increase the scarce literature on the test of the workforce score with company profitability (ROE), stock market price variation and stock market risk level.

As social institutions, higher education institutions (HEIs) play a key role in the distribution of knowledge and skills for sustainable development and societal structures. To fulfill this task, the institutionalization of sustainability within the organization’s structures is essential. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the status quo of environmental management performance (EMP) in HEIs and conclusions for the application of management control systems.

Within a systematic literature review, 56 international publications were analyzed along a qualitative thematic content analysis. The coding followed the dimensions of EMP by Trumpp et al.

Structuring environmental sustainability efforts along the concept of EMP reveals a major weakness in environmental sustainability management of HEIs. Therefore, the study proposes a model for a processual integration of steering mechanisms for management bodies to systemize appropriate efforts to gain excellence in operations.

By applying the concept of EMP by Trumpp et al., this systematic review provides an overview of the status quo of environmental management performance at HEIs and proposes a model for the implementation of advanced top-down steering striving a whole institution approach.

The concept of “Smart Cities” is gaining prominence across the world as a solution to effectively address the issues or impediments faced by cities due to rapid urbanization. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key factors which form the primary basis for the implementation of “Smart Cities”. Particularly, this paper aims to analyse the contextual relationship and driving/dependence power of these key factors and model these using the total interpretive structural modelling (“TISM”) framework.

The key factors which form the basis for the implementation of Smart Cities were identified through an evaluation of the literature on “Smart Cities” and expert opinions. Thereon, the contextual relationship between these key factors was examined with the help of experts. Thereafter, these key factors were modelled using the total interpretive structured modelling (“TISM”) framework. Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis was further applied to classify the factors. It is pertinent to note that the driving power and dependence of these key factors were also reviewed.

This paper establishes a TISM of the key factors for the implementation of “Smart Cities” which will aid in examining the interrelationship among the factors and will also identify the hierarchy among these factors. On extensive examination of the literature and expert opinions on “Smart Cities”, it can be asserted through TISM that quality of life (F1), e-services adoption (F5) and economic growth (F8) are the leading factors in establishing “Smart Cities”. Furthermore, it must be noted that the MICMAC analysis and driving-dependence graph helps in classifying the key factors as autonomous factors, drivers, linkages and outcomes, which assists in comprehending which factors possess driver power and which are exhibiting dependency.

The contribution lies in the authentic manner in which this paper attempts to use the TISM approach combined with MICMAC analysis to model key factors for the implementation of “Smart Cities”; which would aid and assist policymakers and practitioners to construct a structural framework for the implementation of “Smart Cities” through identification of drivers, linkages and outcomes.

The importance of knowledge-based assets and the capability to leverage them has been the subject of scholarly interest in entrepreneurial orientation literature. The authors attempt to understand the dominant themes in the prior literature and propose directions for future research.

The authors performed a systematic review of 79 studies to answer the research questions: (1) What are the predominant themes in the literature on the role of intellectual capital and entrepreneurial orientation? (2) What are the potential fields of future research?

The findings suggest that current research engages the topics of intellectual capital, the capability to leverage knowledge assets and entrepreneurial orientation. The thematic analysis reveals the role of knowledge management, organizational learning, intellectual capital and absorptive capacity in entrepreneurial firms. The authors propose a theoretical model to explain how intellectual capital and its management influence firm-level entrepreneurial behavior.

Understanding the association between intellectual capital and the capability to leverage knowledge assets is crucial in a dynamic business environment. Effective deployment of knowledge is vital while searching for new entrepreneurial opportunities.

This paper aims to develop a novel strategy to manufacture poly-lactic acid (PLA) filaments reinforced with Mg particles for fused filament fabrication of porous scaffolds for biomedical applications.

The mixture of PLA pellets and Mg particles was extruded twice, the second time using a precision extruder that produces a filament with zero porosity, constant diameter and homogeneous dispersion of Mg particles. The physico-chemical properties of the extruded filaments were carefully analysed to determine the influence of Mg particles on the depolymerisation of PLA during high temperature extrusion and the optimum melt flow index to ensure printability.

It was found that the addition of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) plasticizer was necessary to allow printing when the weight fraction of Mg was above 4%. It was possible to print porous face-centre cubic scaffolds with good geometrical accuracy and minimum porosity with composite filaments containing PEG.

The new strategy is easily scalable and seems to be very promising to manufacture biodegradable thermoplastic/metal composite filaments for 3D printing that can take advantage of the different properties of both components from the viewpoint of tissue engineering.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the fire resistance of an innovative carbon-reinforced PEKK composite for aeronautical applications. To this end, thermal degradation analysis under inert and oxidative atmosphere is carried out. Moreover, a linear model fitting approach is compared to a generally used isoconversional method to validate its reliability for kinetic triplet estimation.

Thermogravimetric analysis carried out under inert and oxidative atmospheres, between 25 and 1000°C for three different heating rates (5, 15, 25°C/min), followed by a qualitative SEM observation of the samples before and after thermal treatment. After the reaction identification by TG/DTG curves, an isoconversional analysis is carried out to estimate the activation energy as a function of the reaction conversion rate. For the identified reactions, the kinetic triplet is estimated by different methods and the results are compared to evaluate their reliability.

In inert case, one global reaction, observed between 500-700°C, seems able to describe the degradation of carbon-PEKK resin. Under oxidative atmosphere, three main reactions are identified, besides the resin degradation, the other two are attributed to char and fiber oxidation. Good agreement achieved between isoconversional and linear model fitting methods in activation energy calculation. The achieved results demonstrate the high thermal resistance of PEKK associated with the ether and ketone bonds between the three aromatic groups of its monomer.

This paper provides a possible degradation model useful for numerical implementation in CFD calculations for aircraft components design, when exposed to high temperatures and fire conditions.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the intention of living in a smart city as from its characteristics in the individual perception by the young public based on the proposal of an expanded model.

The empirical research carried out herein was based on a survey, consisting of a sample of 380 valid questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out through multivariate quantitative approach using structural equation modeling, with estimation by partial least square.

In the model, it was possible to adapt all the characteristics of smart cities. The “environment” characteristic was the one that presented the greatest relationship in contributing to efficiencies that allow the migration of citizens and in reducing the environmental impact in the cities’ quality, and the “economy” characteristic was the one that presented the lowest relationship opening the opportunity that this concept can be more widespread within the economic agents and individuals for the society.

Finally, it is argued that efficiency in all characteristics will depend on the engagement of citizens in the innovation processes of public living in general. The smart city is distinguished from other typologies due to its success in the field of innovation, essentially depending on the collaborative process that is developed in environments that encourage discovery and idea generation.